In the world of work gloves, the choice of yarn is key to ensuring comfort, dexterity and protection. Gloves can be made from natural yarns, such as cotton and bamboo, or from synthetic yarns, such as polyester and nylon.
Each of these materials has specific characteristics that makes it suitable for different applications. In addition to the desired mechanical protection, these yarns and the combinations thereof must always guarantee excellent comfort and the greatest possible dexterity.
The materials used may vary depending on type of work glove to be produced:
Cotton, for instance, is a natural fibre that is highly appreciated for its hypoallergenic properties and the degree of comfort provided. It is ideal for knitted or woven gloves and ensures good thermal insulation. Nylon, on the other hand, is a flexible and elastic synthetic fibre known for its excellent abrasion resistance and moisture absorption properties, which make it really comfortable to wear.
Polyester is another synthetic material used widely for its strength and abrasion resistance. It does not shrink and retains its shape over time. Elastane, with its outstanding elasticity, can stretch up to 600% before breaking. It is often combined with nylon and polyester to enhance the elasticity and comfort of work gloves. Acrylic is a viable alternative to wool: this synthetic fibre traps air, providing good thermal insulation, and it is soft and comfortable.
Technical yarns are used to improve the mechanical strength of gloves. High Performance Polyethylene (HPPE) is a lightweight, cut-resistant fibre that is water-repellent and cool to the touch. Para-aramid is known for its tensile strength and heat and flame resistance, even though it is affected by UV rays and chemicals.
Glass fibre is a lightweight but sturdy material with good tensile strength. Steel, with its high strength, is used to ensure cut resistance even on small diameters. Finally, tungsten is one of the strongest materials on earth, with a hardness similar to that of diamond and excellent flexibility.
Technical yarns are used to improve the mechanical resistance of gloves.
Cut resistance is a property obtained by combining high tensile strength materials (HPPE, para-aramid) with very strong materials (glass fibre, steel, tungsten).
These two properties should always be combined to prevent tearing, as a yarn that is characterised by high strength, but has low tensile strength, is likely to tear easily, exposing the user to risk.
The mechanical strength of a yarn and, in particular, its cut resistance is also linked to its count (i.e. the diameter of the thread). A 200 denier HPPE will be thinner, but also less resistant than a 400 denier.
Specific machines are used to assemble together different yarns according to two different techniques: twist e wrap:
It is essential that the twist and/or wrap techniques be performed skilfully in order to ensure uniform protection across the entire glove and not compromise comfort. For example, glass fibres that are not completely covered may break and cause skin irritation, as well as reduced cut protection.
In conclusion, based on the materials and the techniques in question, it can be stated that the combined use of natural and synthetic fibres, together with the specific techniques employed, makes it possible to produce work gloves offering a good balance between comfort, resistance and protection. Each material contributes unique properties, such as the softness of cotton and the strength of tungsten. Twist and wrap techniques optimise yarn performance, ensuring uniformity and durability, which are crucial to the safety and effectiveness of protective equipment.
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